Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Sometimes called Premenstrual Tension or PMT, PMS refers to physical and emotional changes that some women experience in the second half of the menstrual cycle before their period begins.

Cause

The exact cause of PMS is unknown, but it is thought to be linked to the way hormonal changes in the last part of the menstrual cycle affect a woman’s body.

Diet and lifestyle can also be contributing factors.

Symptoms

Many women experience some symptoms of PMS during the menstrual cycle, but for most they are mild. For some however, the symptoms are severe enough to impact on their lives.

Women can experience some or all of the following:

• Mood changes, such as irritability, depression or anger
• Tiredness
• Nausea
• Food cravings
• Aches and pains, including sore breasts
• Abdominal bloating
• Headaches

Symptoms of PMS are relieved by the start of menstruation, and are different to those experienced when a woman has her period (eg cramps).

How do I know if I have PMS?

There are no specific tests for PMS, but most women can identify if they have it by keeping a diary of when symptoms occur during the menstrual cycle.

There should always be a time in a woman’s cycle when she is symptom-free. Symptoms that persist throughout the month may not be related to PMS and should be discussed with a doctor.

PMS can occur in women of all ages prior to menopause, but is most common in women over 30.

Management

While PMS can't be cured or prevented, there are several things women can do to help alleviate symptoms, such as:

• Having a healthy lifestyle – eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, cut down on caffeine and sugar, reduce your alcohol intake and exercise regularly.
• Getting plenty of rest and relaxation – consider learning relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation, and where possible, avoid situations that cause stress.
• Changing contraception. Methods which prevent ovulation, such as the Pill, are often effective.
• Taking medication to relieve aches and pains. These are available over the counter at pharmacies.
• Talking to your partner and family about your experiences may help them to be more understanding.
• If none of these things help, or if your symptoms are severe, discuss them with a doctor. Other treatments for symptoms of PMS are available by prescription.

Some women find herbal supplements to be beneficial in managing PMS. If you are considering using natural therapies for the treatment of PMS, it is important to see a trained natural therapist. Make sure you tell your doctor if you are taking any other medications, natural or otherwise, as some products can react with one another.

For more information about PMS contact the Sexual Health Helpline on
9227 6178 or 1800 198 205 (country callers) or email .

Practising safe sex reduces the risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs).

Page last updated Fri, 13 Aug 2010 14:41